瓒呰伈闆绘鏄尟鍕曞(xu茅)銆佹尝鍕曞(xu茅)銆佹懇鎿﹀(xu茅)绛夊(xu茅)绉戠祼(ji茅)鍚堢殑鏂板瀷鎶�琛�(sh霉)銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熶富瑕佹湁绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨″柈銆佺穵婀�銆� 鐩存帴椹�(q奴)鍕�锛岀劇闇�榻掕吉绠�銆佸嫊鎱�(t脿i)闊挎噳(y墨ng)濂界瓑鐗归粸銆�
瓒呰伈闆绘锛圲ltrasonic Motor 鎴栫啊瀵偤USM锛夋妧琛�(sh霉)鏄尟鍕曞(xu茅)銆佹尝鍕曞(xu茅)銆佹懇鎿﹀(xu茅)銆佸嫊鎱�(t脿i)瑷�(sh猫)瑷堛�侀浕鍔涢浕瀛�銆佽嚜鍕曟帶鍒�銆佹柊鏉愭枡鍜屾柊宸ヨ棟绛夊(xu茅)绉戠祼(ji茅)鍚堢殑鏂版妧琛�(sh霉)銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熶笉鍍忓偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勯浕姗熼偅妯ｏ紝鍒╃敤闆荤鐨勪氦鍙夊姏渚嗙嵅寰楀叾閬嬪嫊鍜屽姏鐭�銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熷墖鏄埄鐢ㄥ闆婚櫠鐡风殑閫嗗闆绘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍜岃秴鑱叉尟鍕曚締鐛插緱鍏堕亱鍕曞拰鍔涚煩鐨�锛屽皣鏉愭枡鐨勫井瑙�璁婂舰閫氶亷姗熸鍏辨尟鏀惧ぇ鍜屾懇鎿﹁�﹀悎杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涙垚杞�(zhu菐n)瀛愮殑瀹忚閬嬪嫊銆傚湪閫欑ó鏂板瀷闆绘涓紝澹撻浕闄剁摲鏉愭枡鐩や唬鏇夸簡瑷辫ū澶氬鐨勯妳绶氬湀銆�
瓒呰伈闆绘鐨勯洓褰㈡渶鏃╃敱鍓嶈槆鑱�(li谩n)鍦�60骞翠唬鍒濇彁鍑�銆�1973骞达紝缇庡湅IBM鍏徃鐨凥.V Barth鍗氬＋銆佸墠铇囪伅(li谩n)鐨刅.H.Lavrinenko绛変汉鐮斿埗鍑哄師鐞嗘�х殑瓒呰伈闆绘銆�80骞翠唬锛屾棩鏈ū澶氱瀛�(xu茅)宸ヤ綔鑰呰嚧鍔涘皣缇庡湅鍜岃槆鑱�(li谩n)鐨勫師鐞嗘�фǎ姗熼枊鐧�(f膩)鎴愪娇鐢ㄧ殑瓒呰伈闆绘锛屽苟浜�90骞翠唬鍒濇姇鍏ュ埌鍟嗘キ(y猫)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝嚦浠�锛屾棩鏈�銆佺編鍦�銆佷縿缇呮柉銆佸痉鍦嬬鐩哥爺鍒跺悇绋鍨嬪拰鐢ㄩ�旂殑瓒呰伈闆绘銆�
瓒呰伈闆绘鑸囧偝绲�(t菕ng)闆绘鐩告瘮锛屽叿鏈夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨″柈銆佸皬鍨嬭紩閲�銆侀熆鎳�(y墨ng)閫熷害蹇紝鍣伈浣�銆佷綆閫熷ぇ杞�(zhu菐n)鐭┿�佹帶鍒剁壒榛炲ソ銆佹柗闆昏嚜閹栥�佷笉鍙楃鍫村共鎿�锛岄亱鍕曟簴纰虹瓑鍎�(y艒u)榛�锛屽叐澶栭倓鍏锋湁鑰愪綆婧�銆佺湡绌虹瓑閬╂噳(y墨ng)澶┖鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑鐗归粸銆傞鍏堢敱浜庤唱(zh矛)閲忚紩锛屼綆閫熶笖澶ц綁(zhu菐n)鐭╁緸鑰屼笉闇�瑕侀檮鍔犻綊杓瓑璁婇�熺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岄伩鍏嶄簡浣跨敤榻掕吉璁婇�熻�岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闇囧嫊銆佹矕鎿婅垏鍣伈銆佷綆鏁堢巼銆侀洠鎺у埗绛変竴绯诲垪鍟忛锛涘叾娆″畠绐佺牬浜嗗偝绲�(t菕ng)闆绘鐨勬蹇�锛屾矑鏈夐浕纾佺篂绲勫拰纾佽矾锛屼笉鐢ㄩ浕纾佺浉浜掍綔鐢ㄤ締杞�(zhu菐n)鎻涜兘鍔�锛岃�屾槸鍒╃敤澹撻浕闄剁摲鐨勯�嗗闆绘晥鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鑱叉尟鍕曞拰鎽╂摝鑰﹀悎渚嗚綁(zhu菐n)鎻涜兘閲�銆傚緸鑰屽鐝�(xi脿n)浜嗗畨闈�銆佹薄鏌�?銆傛銊庣棯顏抽泙?锛涗笉鍙楅浕纾佸共鎿剧瓑鍎�(y艒u)榛�?锛熸ⅱ鍝塮瓒呰伈闆绘鎶�琛�(sh霉)铏曚簬涓栫晫涓婇珮绉戞妧涔嬩竴銆�
瓒呰伈闆绘浣滅偤涓�绋柊鍨嬬殑寰浕姗�锛屽湪杞庤粖闆诲櫒銆佽睛鍏嚜鍕曞寲瑷�(sh猫)鍌�銆佺簿瀵嗗剙鍣ㄥ剙琛�銆佽▓绠楁銆佸伐妤�(y猫)鎺у埗绯荤当(t菕ng)鑸┖鑸ぉ銆佹櫤鑳芥鍣ㄤ汉绛夐牁(l菒ng)鍩熼兘鏈夎憲寤ｆ硾鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�銆傛牴鎿�(j霉)瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熺殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉锛岀洰鍓嶅湅澶栧凡缍�(j墨ng)鎴愬姛鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐓х浉姗熺殑鑷嫊鐒﹁窛瑁濈疆銆佸偝閫佽缃�銆佽嚜鍕曞崌闄嶈缃�佺簿瀵嗙躬鍦栧剙銆佸井姗熸椹�(q奴)鍕曞櫒绛夐牁(l菒ng)鍩熴��
锛�1锛夊厜瀛�(xu茅)姗熷櫒
瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熷湪鐓х浉姗�銆佹敐鍍忔銆侀’寰彙绛夊厜瀛�(xu茅)鍎�鍣ㄧ殑鑱氱劍绯荤当(t菕ng)涓綔鐐洪﹨(q奴)鍕曞師浠�锛岃兘鐛插緱寰堟豢鎰忕殑鏁堟灉銆傛帴瑙稿紡USM鍏锋湁浣庨�熷ぇ杞�(zhu菐n)鐭╃殑鐗归粸锛屽湪瑷卞鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ牬鍚堜腑鍙厤鍘绘笡閫熻缃洿鎺ラ﹨(q奴)鍕�銆傛渶鍏稿瀷鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬鐓х浉姗熺殑鑷嫊鐒﹁窛閺￠牠涓紝鑸囬噰鐢ㄥ偝绲�(t菕ng)闆绘閺￠牠鐩告瘮锛屽叿鏈夊畨闈溿�佺劇闆荤鍣伈锛涘畾浣嶇簿搴﹂珮锛涜(di脿o)鐒︽檪闁撶煭锛涚劇榻掕吉娓涢��銆佹妲�(g貌u)绨″柈绛夊劒(y艒u)榛炪��
鍏夊(xu茅)椤井閺�锛岃嚜鍕曠劍璺�锛岄’寰畾浣嶏紝寰磵绫宠▓绠楀昂锛孡CD绛夐’绀哄钩鏉跨殑鐢熺敘(ch菐n)娓│妾㈡煡锛屾櫠鐗囨鏌ュ畾浣�锛屾秷闄ゆ尟鍕曠郴绲�(t菕ng)锛屽ぉ鏂囪娓剙鍣�锛岃嚜閬╂噳(y墨ng)鍏夊(xu茅)绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽井鍨嬫巸鎻忓剙锛屽熀鍥犺檿鐞嗭紝寰瀷鎵嬭(sh霉)锛屽厜瀛�(xu茅)閺￠潰瑾�(di脿o)鏁寸瓑閮芥噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簡瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熴��
锛�2锛夋苯杌�
瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熺敤浜庢苯杌婅粖绐楃殑椹�(q奴)鍕曡缃腑锛屽彲浣垮畠楂旂⿳鎵佸皬銆佷綆閫熸檪鍏锋湁澶ц綁(zhu菐n)鐭╃殑鍎�(y艒u)榛炵櫦(f膩)鎻緱娣嬫紦鐩¤嚧銆傚畠閭勫彲鐢ㄤ簬纾佹嚫娴垪杌婁笂锛岀偤浣垮垪杌婃嚫娴垏杌岄亾涓�锛屼娇閫氶亷瓒呭皫(d菐o)闆绘祦鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷挤纾佸牬锛岄渶瑕佸ぇ鍔涚煩鍜屾帶鍒舵�ц兘鑹ソ鐨勯﹨(q奴)鍕曞櫒锛岄�欏皪浜嶶SM渚嗚鏄渶閬╁悎鐨勩��
(3)鑸ぉ涓殑閬嬬敤
闆绘鍦ㄤ綆婧拰鐪熺┖姊濅欢涓嬬殑閬嬭鐗规�у皪鑸┖鑸ぉ鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曟槸妤电偤閲嶈鐨�銆傝秴鑱叉尝闆绘鍏锋湁鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨″柈銆侀噸閲忚紩銆佷笉鍙楃鍫村共鎿�銆佺湡绌轰笅鐒￠渶娼ゆ粦娌圭殑鍎�(y艒u)榛�锛屾槸闆荤闆绘鍦ㄨ埅绌鸿埅澶╅牁(l菒ng)鍩熸墍涓嶅叿鏈夌殑銆�1995骞存湯锛岀編鍦嬭埅绌鸿埅澶╁眬鍣存埃鎺ㄩ�插椹楀棣栨灏囩洿绶氳秴鑱叉尝闆绘鐢ㄤ簬澶氬姛鑳界埇琛岀郴绲�(t菕ng)锛岃┎绯荤当(t菕ng)鐢ㄤ簬鑸ぉ椋涜埞澶栬墮澹佺殑妾㈡煡锛屽叾鎵胯級閲嶉噺鑸囪嚜閲嶆瘮閬�10锛�1銆傚埄鐢ㄥ叾浣庨�熷ぇ鍔涚煩鍜岄珮绮惧害绛夌壒榛烇紝NASA灏囧叾鐢ㄤ簬鐏槦鎺㈡脯鍣ㄧ殑杓曢噺姗熸鑷備笂锛岄噰鐢ㄨ秴鑱叉尝闆绘鍙栦唬鏈夊埛鐩存祦闆绘鍚庯紝Mars Arm鈪＄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)闆栬垏Mars Arm鈪犵浉浼�锛屼絾閲嶉噺娓涜紩浜�40%锛屽叾涓昏鍘熷洜鏄敤瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熻兘鐩存帴椹�(q奴)鍕�锛屽彟澶栭倓鍙ぇ澶х府灏忓伐浣滅┖闁�锛屽NASA鐨凜alileo鑸ぉ鍣ㄤ笂鐨勬烤娉㈤綊杓�(Filter wheel)鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄨ秴鑱叉尝闆绘鍓嶅悗鐨勫昂瀵哥府灏忎簡4鍊�銆傚埄鐢ㄥ叾椹�(q奴)鍕曟柟寮忛潏娲荤殑鐗归粸锛屾棩鏈畤瀹欑爺绌舵墍鐮斿埗浜嗗叐绋洿绶氳秴鑱叉尝闆绘鐢ㄤ簬绌洪枔浼稿睍绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪几灞曞拰鏀剁府銆傚埄鐢ㄨ秴鑱叉尝闆绘鐨勯熆鎳�(y墨ng)蹇瓑鐗归粸锛岀編鍦嬪拰娉曞湅鐢ㄤ簬灏�(d菐o)褰堢殑娓帶绯荤当(t菕ng)锛涘埄鐢ㄧ祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绨″柈鍙井鍨嬪寲鐨勭壒榛�锛屾棩鏈爺鍒跺井鍨嬭秴鑱叉尝闆绘鐢ㄤ簬寰(w猫i)鏄熺瓑闋�(l菒ng)鍩�銆傛澶�锛屾棩鏈拰缇庡湅绛夊湅瀹舵鍦ㄩ�茶瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熺殑鍚勭ó鐮旂┒锛岀敤浜庤埅澶╃瓑杌嶄簨闋�(l菒ng)鍩熴�傜敱姝ゅ彲瑕�锛岃秴鑱叉尝闆绘浠ュ叾楂樿綁(zhu菐n)鐭╅噸閲忔瘮銆佸揩閫熼熆鎳�(y墨ng)銆侀珮绮惧害鍜屾柗闆昏嚜閹栫瓑鐗归粸銆佸皣鍦ㄨ埅澶╄埅绌虹瓑杌嶅伐闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶腑鍙楀埌鎰堜締鎰堝ぇ鐨勯噸瑕�銆�
(4)宸ユキ(y猫)姗熷簥涓殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
鐢变簬瓒呰伈娉㈤浕姗熺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍓涘害澶с�佸畾浣嶇簿搴﹂珮锛屽畠鍙敤浜庡伐鍏烽﹨(q奴)鍕曡垏鎺у埗瑁濈疆浠ュ強宸ヤ欢鐨勫畾榛炲偝杓搞�傚姗熷簥鐨勭簿瀵嗛�茬郸姗熸(g貌u)銆佸垁鍏风殑纾ㄦ悕瑾�(di脿o)搴﹁缃�銆佸井绱伴浕鐏姳姗熺殑鍔犲伐瑁濈疆銆佸伐浠舵簴纰哄畾浣嶈垏瑁濆ぞ銆佺府绶婅缃強澶惧叿鐨勫揩閫熻(di脿o)鏁�銆�
(5)閱�(y墨)鐧傝垏鐢熺墿瀛�(xu茅)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶腑鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�
鐢熺墿鏉愭枡寰瀷鎿嶄綔鍣�銆佽▓閲忚ō(sh猫)鍌�銆佸井鍨嬪櫞鍢淬�佹矕鎿婄櫦(f膩)鐢熷櫒銆佽厧绲�(ji茅)鐭崇牬纰庢不鐧傛銆佹埃绠¤秴鑱叉巸鎻忓櫒銆傝ū澶氱瀛�(xu茅)鍎�鍣�锛岄啱(y墨)鐧傚櫒姊版渻鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熷挤纾佸牬鎴栬�呭皪闆荤鍫村共鎿惧叿鏈夊毚鏍肩殑瑕佹眰锛岃�岃秴鑱叉尝闆绘鑳介伩鍏嶉�欎簺鍟忛锛屾墍浠ュ彲浠ョ敤浜庢牳纾佸叡鎸挵(hu谩n)澧冧笅瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑殑椹�(q奴)鍕�銆�
(6)姘戠敤鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佺殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�
棣栧厛鐢变簬瓒呰伈闆绘鐨勫畨闈�銆侀珨绌嶅皬绛夊劒(y艒u)榛烇紝鍙敤浜庡绺鐨勪娇鐢ㄤ笂锛屽湪瀹堕浕闋�(l菒ng)鍩熷叿鏈夊唬娉涚殑鐢ㄩ�旓紱鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勯浕姗熼﹨(q奴)鍕曠敱浜庡湪涓枔鐠�(hu谩n)绡�(ji茅)锛屼笉鍙伩鍏嶇殑瀛樺湪绱▓瑾ゅ樊锛岃�岃秴鑱叉尝闆绘鎺у埗鎬ц兘濂�锛岄珨绌嶅皬锛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬绮惧瘑鎺у埗锛屽闆诲瓙鎵嬭〃锛涘悓鏅傚埄鐢ㄥ叾鎺у埗绮惧害楂樼殑鐗归粸锛屽彲鐢ㄤ簬IC銆丩SI绛夋暩(sh霉)鎺ф鍣�锛屽嵃鍒风窔璺澘鍔犲伐銆佹娓�锛屾櫠鐗囬亣瑕嬫帓鍒�銆佺剨鎺�銆佸皝瑁�锛屽崐灏�(d菐o)楂旂墖绛夌簿瀵嗘矕杓�銆傜挵(hu谩n)鐙�澹撻浕姗熷彲鐢ㄤ簬妯撳畤绐楃熬鐨勮嚜鍕曢枊闁�銆�
灏堝闋�(y霉)瑷�锛�21涓栫磤灏囨槸瓒呰伈闆绘澶ф斁鍏夎姃鐨勬檪浠�锛岃秴鑱叉尝闆诲嫊姗熷彲寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬OA銆丗A銆佺収鐩告銆佹敐鍍忔銆佸伐妤�(y猫)姗熷櫒浜�銆佹苯杌娿�佸鐢ㄩ浕鍣ㄧ瓑闇�瑕佺洿鎺ラ﹨(q奴)鍕曠殑姗熸(g貌u)涓�锛屽畠灏囨湁鍙兘閮ㄥ垎鍙栦唬寰瀷闆绘銆傝嚜1960骞村墠铇囪伅(li谩n)涓�浣嶇瀛�(xu茅)瀹舵彁鍑鸿秴鑱叉尝闆诲嫊姗熺殑瑷�(sh猫)鎯充互渚嗭紝鍓嶈タ寰疯タ闁�瀛愬叕鍙�銆丄EG鍏徃銆佹棩鏈澗涓嬮浕鍣ㄥ伐妤�(y猫)鍏徃銆佹棩绔嬭惉鍕濆叕鍙�銆佹柊鐢熷伐妤�(y猫)鍏徃閮藉湪閫茶闁嬬櫦(f膩)宸ヤ綔锛屽苟閬斿埌浜嗗晢鍝佸寲闁嬬櫦(f膩)绋嬪害銆�
鍙互闋�(y霉)瑷堬細鍦�21涓栫磤锛岀偤浜嗙櫦(f膩)灞曟垜鍦嬩汉閫犺(w猫i)鏄熴�佸皫(d菐o)褰�銆佺伀绠�銆侀姗�銆佹鍣ㄤ汉銆佸井鍨嬫姊般�佹苯杌�銆佺娴垪杌婁互鍙婂叾浠栫簿瀵嗗剙鍣紝灏囬渶瑕佸ぇ閲忕殑銆侀珮鎬ц兘鐨勮秴鑱查浕姗�銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熸妧琛�(sh霉)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝蹇呭皣灏嶆垜鍦嬪湅闃插拰鍏朵粬鍦嬫皯缍�(j墨ng)婵熷悇閮ㄩ杸璧疯憲閲嶅ぇ浣滅敤锛屼緥濡傦細
鈼� 21涓栫磤锛岃埅绌鸿埅澶╂槸鎴戝湅閲嶉粸鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶箣涓�銆傚緸鍦嬪鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ殑鎯呮硜鐪�锛屽畠蹇呭皣鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ秴鑱查浕姗�銆傚绱嶇背琛�(w猫i)鏄�銆佸井鍨嬮姗�銆佸畤瀹欓鑸瑰拰绌洪枔鎺㈡脯鍣ㄧ瓑锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ秴鑱查浕姗�锛屽彲浠ユ笡灏戝叾閲嶉噺锛屽寮峰叾鍙帶鎬�锛�
鈼� 姗熷櫒浜哄拰寰瀷姗熸锛屼篃鏄垜鍦�21涓栫磤閲嶉粸鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶箣涓�銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熷彲浠ヤ娇姗熷櫒浜哄拰寰瀷姗熸绨″寲绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛屾笡杓曢噸閲�锛屽寮峰叾鍙帶鎬�銆傞毃钁楄秴鑱查浕姗熺殑寰瀷鍖�锛屽井鍨嬫姊板彲閫插叆浜洪珨锛屽浣滅偤浜洪�犲績鑷熺殑椹�(q奴)鍕曞櫒锛屽畠灏囨渻澶уぇ鎺ㄥ嫊浜洪�犲櫒瀹樼殑鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鍖栭�茬▼锛�
鈼� 21涓栫磤锛屾垜鍦嬪皣瑕佸ぇ鍔涚櫦(f膩)灞曠娴垪杌�銆傜娴垪杌婁笂鐨勫挤纾佸牬骞叉摼锛屼娇寰楀湪纾佹诞鍒楄粖涓婄殑鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勯浕纾侀浕姗熷伐浣滃け鏁�锛岃秴鑱查浕姗熷皣澶ф湁鍙偤锛�
鈼� 鏈締璞彲杞庤粖涓婄殑闆绘涔嬪鍙仈80鍊�锛屼娇姹借粖楂旂⿳澧炲姞锛岄浕纾佸共鎿惧寮�銆傛噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄨ秴鑱查浕姗燂紝鐢变簬涓嶉渶榻掕吉绠卞緸鑰屽ぇ澶ч檷浣庡叾楂旂⿳锛涚敱浜庤秴鑱查浕姗熶笉鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺鍫磋�屼娇姹借粖鐨勯浕纾佸吋瀹规�у緱鍒板ぇ澶ф敼鍠�銆傛苯杌婁笂鐨勪腑澶杸閹栥�侀杸绐楃幓鐠冪殑鍗囬檷锛屽墠瑕栭彙鍜岄洦鍒櫒绛夛紝鍧囧彲鐢ㄨ秴鑱查浕姗熶締浠ｆ浛?zh猫n)楣榶(t菕ng)鐨勯浕纾侀浕姗�锛�
鈼� 闅ㄨ憲鎺屼笂瑷堢畻姗燂紝鍙闆昏┍闆昏銆佹墜鎻愬紡鍎�鍣ㄧ瓑鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞曪紝寰瀷瓒呰伈闆绘灏囧彲寰楀埌寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢�銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熷皣浣块�欎簺寰瀷鍎�鍣ㄩ檷浣庨噸閲忓拰楂旂⿳锛屾笡灏戝叾鑳介噺鎼嶈��锛�
鈼� 鐢变簬瓒呰伈闆绘鐨勪綅缃帶鍒剁簿搴﹀緢楂�锛屽彲閬斿井绫崇礆鐢氳嚦绱嶇背绱�銆傝秴鑱查浕姗熷皣鏈冨湪涓�浜涚簿瀵嗗剙鍣�銆侀啱(y墨)鐧傝ō(sh猫)鍌欎互鍙婂崐灏�(d菐o)楂斿埗閫犳妧琛�(sh霉)涓緱鍒板唬娉涙噳(y墨ng)鐢�銆�
缍韩闆诲瓙閫氾紝闆诲瓙鐭ヨ瓨锛屼竴鏌ョ櫨閫氾紒
宸叉敹閷勮姊�168404鍊�
IC鍨嬭櫉绱㈠紩锛� A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
©2025 缍韩闆诲瓙甯傚牬缍�(w菐ng)锛坵ww.dzsc.com锛夈��缍�(j墨ng)鐕熻ū鍙瓑绶ㄨ櫉锛�娴橞2-20050339 鐗堟瑠(qu谩n)鑱叉槑
鍗佸叚骞村皥娉ㄦ墦閫犲劒(y艒u)璩�(zh矛)闆诲瓙鍏冨櫒浠堕噰璩肩恫(w菐ng)銆両C浜ゆ槗骞宠嚭銆�
璨峰鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐔辩窔锛�0571-85317666 | 璨峰鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閮≦Q锛�
璩ｅ鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐔辩窔锛�0571-85317586 | 璩ｅ鏈嶅嫏(w霉)閮≦Q锛�
