銆�銆�纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�鏄�鎸囧叿鏈夌磵绫冲昂搴︾殑纰崇簴缍�锛屼緷鍏剁祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗规�у彲鍒嗙偤绱嶇背纰崇�″嵆绌哄績纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�鍜屽��(sh铆)蹇冪⒊绱嶇背绾栫董銆傜洿寰戜竴鑸�鍦�10锛宯m锛�500nm锛岄暦(zh菐ng)搴﹀垎甯冨湪0.5锛宮锛�100锛宮锛屾槸浠嬩簬绱嶇背纰崇�″拰鏅�閫氱⒊绾栫董涔嬮枔鐨勬簴(zh菙n)涓�缍�纰虫潗鏂�锛屽叿鏈夎純楂樼殑绲�(ji茅)鏅跺彇鍚戝害锛岃純濂界殑灏�(d菐o)闆诲拰灏�(d菐o)鐔辨�ц兘锛岀⒊绱嶇背绾栫董闄や簡鍏锋湁鍖栧��(xu茅)姘ｇ浉娌夌�嶆硶鐢熼��(zh菐ng)鐨勬櫘閫氱⒊绾栫董浣庡瘑搴︼紝楂樻瘮妯￠噺锛岄珮姣斿挤(qi谩ng)搴︼紝楂樺皫(d菐o)闆�锛岀啽绌�(w臎n)瀹氭�х瓑鐗规�у�栵紝閭勫叿鏈夌己闄锋��(sh霉)閲忓皯锛岄暦(zh菐ng)寰戞瘮澶э紝姣旇〃闈㈢�嶅��锛岀祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鑷村瘑绛夊劒(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)锛屽畠鏄�涓�绋�楂樻�ц兘绾栫董锛屾棦鍏锋湁纰虫潗鏂欑殑鍥烘湁鏈�寰侊紝鍙堝��?zh猫n)娴煎緮妞憌缍�鐨勬煍杌熷彲鍔犲伐鎬�锛屾槸鏂颁竴浠ｈ粛姘戝叐鐢ㄦ柊鏉愭枡锛屽凡寤ｆ硾鐢ㄤ簬鑸�绌鸿埅澶╋紝浜ら��锛岄珨鑲茶垏浼戦枒鐢ㄥ搧锛岄啱(y墨)鐧�锛屾��(j墨)姊�锛岀础绻旂瓑鍚勯牁(l菒ng)鍩�

銆�銆�1锛庣⒊绱嶇背绠＄殑鍒跺倷

銆�銆�纰崇磵绫崇�¤��鍏�瑾�(r猫n)鏄�涓栫晫涓婃渶绱�(x矛)鐨勭簴缍�锛岃嚜1991骞磋��鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ヤ締(l谩i)锛屽叾鍒跺倷宸ヨ棟寰楀埌浜嗗唬娉涚爺绌�銆傜洰鍓嶏紝鏈�3绋�涓昏�佺殑鍒跺倷鏂规硶锛屽嵆闆诲姬鏀鹃浕娉曪紟婵�鍏夌噿铦曟硶鍜屽浐瀹氬簥鍌�鍖栬�傝В娉曘��

銆�銆�2. 瀵�(sh铆)蹇冪⒊绱嶇背绾栫董鍒跺倷鎶�琛�(sh霉)

銆�銆�瀵�(sh铆)蹇冪⒊绱嶇背绾栫董鏄�鎸囧叿鏈夊��(sh铆)蹇冪祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓旂簴缍�鐩村緫灏忎��1000nm鐨勭⒊绱嶇背绾栫董銆傜洰鍓嶅凡缍�(j墨ng)鐧�(f膩)灞曟垚鐔熺殑瀵�(sh铆)蹇冪⒊绱嶇背绾栫董鍒跺倷鎶�琛�(sh霉)鏈夋埃鐩告垚闀�(zh菐ng)娉�銆佽仛鍚堢墿娣锋懟鐔旇瀺绱＄挡娉曞強鏀鹃浕绱＄挡娉曠瓑.

銆�銆�纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�鏄�涓�闋�(xi脿ng)澶氬��(xu茅)绉戜氦鍙夈�佸�氭妧琛�(sh霉)闆嗘垚鐨勭郴绲�(t菕ng)宸ョ▼锛屾湁钁楀唬闂婄殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ墠鏅�锛氬�傜⒊绱嶇背绠″劜(ch菙)姘�銆侀嫲闆㈠瓙鍏呴浕闆绘睜鐨勯浕妤垫潗鏂欍�佸井鍗�(q奴)銆佹斁灏勬�ф竻娼斿強鍚屼綅绱犲垎闆�銆佺础绻旀贩绱℃潗鏂�銆侀珮寮�(qi谩ng)搴︾⒊绾栫董寰�(f霉)鍚堟潗鏂�銆佺磵绫抽浕瀛愬櫒浠躲�佸偓鍖栫簴缍�鍜岃啘宸ユ��(y猫)銆佸彲婧舵�х⒊绱嶇背绠¤│鍔�銆佺⒊绱嶇背绠¤倢鑲夌瓑銆�

銆�銆�闅ㄨ憲鎴戝湅(gu贸)缍�(j墨ng)婵�(j矛)鐨勫揩閫熺櫦(f膩)灞�锛屽湅(gu贸)鍏�(n猫i)灏�(du矛)纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�鐨勯渶姹傝垏鏃ヤ勘澧烇紟纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�宸叉垚鐐虹��(d膩ng)浠ｇ簴缍�鐮旂┒闋�(l菒ng)鍩熺殑鐔遍粸(di菐n)锛屼笘鐣屼笂瑷卞�氬��(gu贸)瀹跺挨鍏舵槸缇庡湅(gu贸)鐗瑰垾閲嶈�栫⒊绱嶇背绾栫董鐨勭爺绌�锛屾垜鍊戞矑(m茅i)鏈夌悊鐢辩瓑闁戣�栦箣锛屾��(y墨ng)鎶撲綇姗�(j墨)閬�锛屽姞寮�(qi谩ng)纰崇磵绫崇簴缍�鎶�琛�(sh霉)鐨勭悊璜栧拰鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄧ爺绌�锛屾帹鍕�(d貌ng)楂樼簿灏栫殑绱嶇背鎶�琛�(sh霉)鍦ㄥ偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨勭础绻旂敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ��(j矛n)绋�銆�