鎮ㄥソ锛屾杩庝締鍒扮董搴浕瀛愬競鍫寸恫(w菐ng)
鐧婚寗 | 鍏嶈不(f猫i)娉ㄥ唺
銆�銆�GMR纾佸牬鍌虫劅鍣�鍗冲法纾侀樆锛圙MR=Giant Magneto Resistive锛夌鍫村偝鎰熷櫒銆傚畠鏄竴鍊�(g猫)闆嗙鎬ц杽鑶滐紝鍗婂皫(d菐o)楂�闆嗘垚鍙婄磵绫虫妧琛�(sh霉)鐐轰竴楂旂殑楂樻柊鎶�琛�(sh霉)鐢�(ch菐n)鍝�锛屾噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ潪甯稿唬娉�銆傚叾鎶�琛�(sh霉)绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)濂楃敤涓�鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)瀛�(xu茅)鍏紡锛欸MR鍌虫劅鍣�=纾佹�ф潗鏂�+绱嶇背鎶�琛�(sh霉)+鍗婂皫(d菐o)楂旈泦鎴�銆�
銆�銆�涓�銆丟MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勭啊浠� 銆�銆�2007骞磋璨濈埦鐗╃悊瀛�(xu茅)鐛�(ji菐ng)鍒嗗垾鎺堜簣渚嗚嚜寰峰湅浜庡埄甯屼亥濮嗛湇鑼茬爺绌朵腑蹇冪殑褰煎緱路鏍兼灄璨濇牸鐖�(Peter Gruenberg)鍜屼締鑷硶鍦嬪反榛庣鍗佷竴澶у(xu茅)鐨勯樋鐖捐矟路璨�(f猫i)鐖�(Albert Fert)鏁欐巿銆傞�欏叐浣嶇嵅鐛�(ji菐ng)?w霉)鍜磋皬椴滃叞o(j矛)80骞翠唬鐛�(d煤)绔嬮��(j矛n)琛屽法纾侀樆锛圙MR锛夌爺绌�锛屽洜鐩哥辜鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)宸ㄧ闃绘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鑰岄洐闆欐Ξ鐛叉湰骞村害璜捐矟鐖剧墿鐞嗗(xu茅)鐛�(ji菐ng)銆傚閮ㄧ鍫撮�氶亷宸ㄧ闃绘晥鎳�(y墨ng)鍙娇纾佹�ф潗鏂欒杽灞ょ殑闆婚樆鐧�(f膩)鐢熷法澶ц畩鍖�銆侴MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐐虹祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)绶婃箠鐨勮▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)纭洡鐨勫叏鏂拌畝鍙栫闋殑闁嬬櫦(f膩)閶钩浜嗛亾璺�锛屽彲灏囧��(g猫)浜鸿▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)銆佷究鏀滃紡闊虫▊鎾斁鍣紙MP3鎾斁鍣級鍜屾敐鍍忔(j墨)鐨勭‖鐩ゅ瓨鍎�(ch菙)瀹归噺鎻愰珮鑷虫暩(sh霉)鍚夊瓧绡�(ji茅)銆� 銆�銆�GMR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏄敱骞剧磵绫冲帤鐨勫灞ら噾灞啘鐨勭鍫寸敘(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闆婚樆璁婂寲灏�(d菐o)鑷寸殑銆傜啊鍠締瑾紝瑭查噾灞啘鐢卞叿鍌欏浐瀹氱殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氱鍖栨柟鍚戯紙鍙冭�冩柟鍚戯級鐨勫弮鑰冨堡鍜岀鍖栨柟鍚戠敱澶栭儴纾佸牬姹哄畾锛堝鎸囧崡閲濓級鐨勫偝鎰熷堡妲�(g貌u)鎴�銆傚偝鎰熷堡鍜屽弮鑰冨堡閫氶亷鍍呯偤骞惧��(g猫)鍘熷瓙鍘氱殑閵呭堡闅旈枊锛屽緸鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢烥MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆傛柦鍔犵殑纾佸牬鍜屽偝鎰熷櫒鍙冭�冨堡涔嬮枔鐨勮搴︽焙瀹氫簡閲戝爆鑶滅殑闆婚樆璁婂寲銆� 銆�銆�浜�銆丟MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灞�?f脿n)椤﹔ 銆�銆�宸ㄧ闆婚樆鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鑷櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)浠ヤ締鍗冲紩璧峰悇鍦嬩紒妤�(y猫)鐣屽強瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鐣岀殑楂樺害閲嶈锛孏MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)宸叉垚鐐虹暥(d膩ng)鍓嶅嚌鑱氭厠(t脿i)鐗╃悊5鍊�(g猫)鐔遍粸(di菐n)涔嬩竴銆�1994骞�锛岀編鍦嬬殑NVE鍏徃棣栧厛瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夋晥鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勭敘(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鍖�锛屽苟閵峰敭宸ㄧ闆婚樆纾佸牬鍌虫劅鍣ㄣ��1998骞�锛岀編鍦嬬殑IBM鍏徃鎴愬姛鍦版妸GMR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)纭洡椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)鍣ㄤ笂锛岀爺鍒跺嚭宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夌闋�傚法纾侀浕闃伙紙GMR锛夌闋殑鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ付鍕�(d貌ng)浜嗚▓(j矛)绠楁(j墨)鐢�(ch菐n)妤�(y猫)鐨勮繀閫熺櫦(f膩)灞�锛屾墦鐮翠簡淇℃伅楂橀�熷叕璺湒鍍忓偝閬炲瓨鍎�(ch菙)鐨勭摱闋革紝鐩墠瀛樺劜(ch菙)瀵嗗害宸查珮閬�(d谩)56GB/骞虫柟鑻卞銆備笘鐣孏MR纾侀牠鐨勫競鍫寸附椤嶆瘡骞�400鍎勭編鍏冦�傛洿浠や汉鍙枩鐨勬槸锛�2001骞寸編鍦嬬殑鎽╂墭缇呮媺鍏徃瀹ｅ竷鎴愬姛鐮斿埗鍑篏MR纾侀毃姗�(j墨)璁�鍙栧瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍣�锛岄�欑ó瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍣ㄥ皣闋�(y霉)绀�1000鍎勭編鍏冪殑甯傚牬瀹归噺銆傞毃钁椾汉鍊戝皪GMR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)娣卞叆鐨勭爺绌跺拰闁嬬櫦(f膩)鍒╃敤锛屼竴闁�浠ョ爺绌堕浕瀛愯嚜鏃嬩綔鐢ㄧ偤涓诲悓鏅�(sh铆)闁嬬櫦(f膩)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鐗规畩鐢ㄩ�斿櫒浠剁殑鏂板(xu茅)绉�---鑷棆瀛愬(xu茅)閫愭几鑸堣捣璧蜂締銆傛渶杩戯紝缇庡湅鑷劧绉戝(xu茅)鍩洪噾鏈�(hu矛)锛圢SF锛夋彁鍑猴細鑷棆瀛愬(xu茅)绉戠殑鐧�(f膩)灞曞強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ皣闋�(y霉)绀鸿憲绗洓娆″伐妤�(y猫)闈╁懡鐨勫埌渚�銆傞�氶亷棣欏北绉戝(xu茅)鏈�(hu矛)璀帮紝鎴戝湅鍒跺畾浜咷MR楂樻妧琛�(sh霉)鐮旂┒闁嬬櫦(f膩)瑷�(j矛)鍔�锛屽苟鎶奊MR鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鐨勭爺绌跺強鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄩ枊鐧�(f膩)鍒楃偤鎴戝湅灏囪閲嶉粸(di菐n)鐧�(f膩)灞曠殑涓冨��(g猫)闋�(l菒ng)鍩熶箣涓�銆備絾鏄敱浜庢妧琛�(sh霉)銆佽硣閲戝強瑷�(sh猫)鍌欑瓑璜稿鍥犵礌锛孏MR鐨勭爺绌跺湪鍦嬪収(n猫i)閭勫眬闄愪簬瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ょ殑姘村钩銆�
銆�銆�GMR纾佸牬鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ拰鍏夐浕绛夊偝鎰熷櫒鐩告瘮锛屽叿鏈夊姛鑰楀皬銆佸彲闈犳�ч珮銆侀珨绌嶅皬銆佽兘宸ヤ綔浜庢儭鍔ｇ挵(hu谩n)澧冪瓑鍎�(y艒u)榛�(di菐n)銆傞�欎簺閮芥槸鐝�(xi脿n)鏈夊偝绲�(t菕ng)鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ墍涓嶈兘鐩告瘮鐨�銆傚彟涓�鏂归潰锛屽湪鍒堕�犳垚鏈笂锛孏MR纾佸牬鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ苟涓嶉珮浜庡叾瀹冩櫘閫氬偝鎰熷櫒锛岀敋鑷冲ぇ澶т綆浜庢煇浜涘偝鎰熷櫒銆�
銆�銆�纾侀浕闃伙紙GMR锛夋晥鎳�(y墨ng)鏄�1988骞寸櫦(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)鐨勪竴绋鑷撮浕闃绘晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛岀敱浜庣浉灏嶄簬鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨勭闆婚樆鏁堟噳(y墨ng)澶т竴鍊�(g猫)鏁�(sh霉)閲忕礆(j铆)浠ヤ笂锛屽洜姝ゅ悕鐐哄法纾侀浕闃�(Giant Magnetoresistanc)锛岀啊绋盙MR銆�
銆�銆�1. 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊師鐞�锛岃鍦栦竴銆�
銆�銆�宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夋晥鎳�(y墨ng)渚嗚嚜浜庤級娴侀浕瀛愮殑涓嶅悓鑷棆鐙�鎱�(t脿i)鑸囩鍫寸殑浣滅敤涓嶅悓锛屽洜鑰屽皫(d菐o)鑷寸殑闆婚樆鍊肩殑璁婂寲銆傞�欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鍙湁鍦ㄧ磵绫冲昂搴︾殑钖勮啘绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓墠鑳借娓嚭渚�銆傝肠浠ョ壒娈婄殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)閫欑ó鏁堟噳(y墨ng)閭勫彲浠ヨ(di脿o)鏁翠互閬╂噳(y墨ng)鍚勭ó涓嶅悓鐨勬�ц兘闇�瑕�銆�
銆�銆�鍙嶉惖纾佽�﹀悎鏅�(sh铆)锛堝鍔犵鍫寸偤0锛夎檿浜庨珮闃绘厠(t脿i)鐨勫皫(d菐o)闆昏几鍑虹壒鎬�锛岄浕闃伙細R1/2
銆�銆�澶栧姞纾佸牬浣胯┎纾佹�у灞よ杽鑶滆檿浜庨＝鍜岀媭鎱�(t脿i)鏅�(sh铆)锛堢浉閯扮鎬у堡纾佺煩骞宠鍒嗗竷锛�锛岃�岄浕闃昏檿浜庝綆闃绘厠(t脿i)鐨勫皫(d菐o)闆昏几鍑虹壒鎬э紝闆婚樆锛歊2*R3/锛圧2+R3锛�锛孯2>R1>R3
銆�銆�鍦�1銆佸埄鐢ㄥ叐娴佹ā鍨嬩締瑙ｉ噵GMR鐨勬(j墨)鍒�
銆�銆�2. 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鍘熺悊锛岃鍦栦簩銆�
銆�銆�宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒灏囧洓鍊�(g猫)宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夋(g貌u)鎴愭儬鏂櫥闆绘⿱绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛岃┎绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙互娓涘皯澶栫晫鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨皪鍌虫劅鍣ㄨ几鍑虹┅(w臎n)瀹氭�х殑褰遍熆锛屽鍔犲偝鎰熷櫒闈堟晱搴�銆傚伐浣滄檪(sh铆)鍦栦腑鈥滈浕娴佽几鍏ョ鈥濇帴5V~20V鐨勭┅(w臎n)澹撻浕澹擄紝鈥滆几鍑虹鈥濆湪澶栫鍫翠綔鐢ㄤ笅鍗宠几鍑洪浕澹撲俊铏�(h脿o)銆�
銆�銆�鍦�2锛�1锛夛細鎯犳柉鍑抽浕姗嬪湪纾佸牬鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ噳(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ腑鐨勫師鐞�
銆�銆�鍦�2锛�2锛夛細鎯犳柉鍑抽浕姗嬩腑R1鍜孯2鍦ㄥ鍔犵鍫翠綔鐢ㄤ笅鐨勮畩鍖栨儏娉�
銆�銆�3. 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鎬ц兘锛岃鍦栦笁锛岃〃涓�銆�
銆�銆�鍦栦笁鎵�绀虹偤宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鍦ㄥ鍫翠腑鐨勬�ц兘鏇茬窔锛岃〃鏄庤┎鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ湪卤200Oe鐨勭鍫磋寖鍦嶉鏈夎純濂界殑绶氭��銆�
銆�銆�鍦�3锛氬法纾侀浕闃伙紙GMR锛夊湪澶栧姞纾佸牬涓嬬殑鎬ц兘鏇茬窔
銆�銆�琛ㄤ竴 鍚勫叕鍙稿法纾侀浕闃伙紙GMR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒鎬ц兘灏嶇収
銆�銆�4.鐢�(ch菐n)鍝佷娇鐢ㄨ鏄�
銆�銆�a . 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒浣滅偤涓�绋湁婧愬櫒浠讹紝鍏跺伐浣滃繀闋堟彁渚�5~20V鐨勭洿娴侀浕婧�銆傝�屼笖瑭查浕婧愮殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭�х洿鎺ュ奖闊垮偝鎰熷櫒鐨勬脯瑭︾簿搴︼紝鍥犳瑕佹眰浠ョ┅(w臎n)澹撻浕婧愭彁渚�锛涗娇鐢ㄤ腑涔熸噳(y墨ng)閬垮厤閬庨浕澹撲緵闆伙紱
銆�銆�b .宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒浣滅偤涓�绋珮绮惧害鐨勭鏁忓偝鎰熷櫒锛屽皪浣跨敤纾佺挵(hu谩n)澧冧篃鏈変竴瀹氱殑瑕佹眰锛屽叾鍨嬭櫉(h脿o)閬哥敤鎳�(y墨ng)鏍规摎(j霉)浣跨敤鐠�(hu谩n)澧冪殑纾佸牬澶у皬渚嗘焙瀹�锛�
銆�銆�c. 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒灏嶇鍫寸殑闈堟晱搴﹁垏鏂瑰悜鏈夐棞(gu膩n)銆傚叾澶栧舰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婃(bi膩o)娉ㄧ殑鏁忔劅杌哥偤鍌虫劅鍣ㄥ皪纾佸牬鏈�鐐洪潏鏁忕殑鏂瑰悜锛�
銆�銆�鍙冭鍦栧洓銆傜暥(d膩ng)涓嶅钩琛屾檪(sh铆)锛岄潏鏁忓害闄嶄綆锛屽叾闂�(gu膩n)绯荤偤
銆�銆�S胃=S0COS胃
銆�銆�鍏朵腑S胃鐐虹鍫存柟鍚戣垏鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ晱鎰熻桓闁撶殑澶捐鐐何告檪(sh铆)鐨勯潏鏁忓害锛孲0鐐虹鍫存柟鍚戣垏鍌虫劅鍣ㄦ晱鎰熻桓骞宠鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯潏鏁忓害銆�
銆�銆�鍦�4 宸ㄧ闆婚樆锛圙MR锛夊偝鎰熷櫒澶栧舰绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婃帴绶氬湒
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