鎮ㄥソ锛屾杩庝締鍒扮董搴浕瀛愬競鍫寸恫(w菐ng)
鐧婚寗 | 鍏嶈不(f猫i)娉ㄥ唺(c猫)
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鍙互鐪嬪埌锛岄洊鐒堕兘鍙笁妤电锛屽叾瀵�(sh铆)鍦ㄨ嫳鏂囬噷闈㈢殑瑾硶鏄崈宸惉鍒ョ殑锛屼笁妤电閫欏��(g猫)瑭炲尟鍏跺(sh铆)涔熸槸涓枃鐗规湁鐨勪竴鍊�(g猫)璞″舰鎰忕京涓婄殑鐨勮鍖�銆�
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闆诲瓙涓夋サ绠� Triode 锛堜織绋遍浕瀛愮鐨勪竴绋級
闆欐サ鍨嬫櫠楂旂 BJT 锛圔ipolar Junction Transistor锛�
J鍨嬪牬鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绠� Junction gate FET锛團ield Effect Transistor锛�
閲戝爆姘у寲鐗╁崐灏�(d菐o)楂斿牬鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏅堕珨绠� MOS FET ( Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Field Effect Transistor)鑻辨枃鍏ㄧū
V鍨嬫Ы鍫存晥鎳�(y墨ng)绠� VMOS 锛圴ertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor 锛�
娉細閫欎笁鑰呯湅涓婂幓閮芥槸鍫存晥鎳�(y墨ng)绠�锛屽叾瀵�(sh铆)閲戝爆姘у寲鐗╁崐灏�(d菐o)楂斿牬鏁堟噳(y墨ng)鏅堕珨绠� 銆乂鍨嬫Ы婧濋亾鍫存晥鎳�(y墨ng)绠� 鏄� 鍠サ锛圲nipolar锛夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨�锛屾槸鍜� 闆欐サ锛圔ipolar锛夋槸灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨�锛屾墍浠ヤ篃鍙互绲�(t菕ng)绋辩偤鍠サ鏅堕珨绠★紙Unipolar Junction Transistor锛�
鍏朵腑J鍨嬪牬鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绠℃槸闈炵禃绶ｅ瀷鍫存晥鎳�(y墨ng)绠�锛孧OS FET 鍜孷MOS閮芥槸绲曠罚鍨嬬殑鍫存晥鎳�(y墨ng)绠�
VMOS鏄湪 MOS鐨勫熀绀�(ch菙)涓婃敼閫�(j矛n)鐨勪竴绋ぇ闆绘祦锛岄珮鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)锛堣法閬擄級鏂板瀷鍔熺巼鏅堕珨绠�锛屽崁(q奴)鍒ュ氨鏄娇鐢ㄤ簡V鍨嬫Ы锛屼娇MOS绠＄殑鏀惧ぇ绯绘暩(sh霉)鍜屽伐浣滈浕娴佸ぇ骞呮彁鍗�锛屼絾鏄悓鏅�(sh铆)涔熷ぇ骞呭鍔犱簡MOS鐨勮几鍏ラ浕瀹�锛屾槸MOS绠＄殑涓�绋ぇ鍔熺巼鏀归��(j矛n)鍨嬬敘(ch菐n)鍝�锛屼絾鏄祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓婂凡缍�(j墨ng)鑸囧偝绲�(t菕ng)鐨凪OS鐧�(f膩)鐢熶簡宸ㄥぇ鐨勫樊鐣般�俈MOS鍙湁澧炲挤(qi谩ng)鍨嬬殑鑰屾矑鏈塎OS鎵�鐗规湁鐨勮�楃洝鍨嬬殑MOS绠�.
1947骞�12鏈�23鏃�锛岀編鍦嬫柊婢よタ宸炲ⅷ绱北鐨勮矟鐖惧(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)瀹ら噷锛�3浣嶇瀛�(xu茅)瀹垛�斺�斿反涓佸崥澹�銆佸竷鑿滈爴鍗氬＋鍜岃倴鍏嬭悐鍗氬＋鍦ㄧ穵寮佃�屽張鏈夋涓嶇磰鍦板仛钁楀(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)銆備粬鍊�?c猫)瓒�?d菐o)楂旈浕璺腑姝ｅ湪閫�(j矛n)琛岀敤鍗婂皫(d菐o)楂旀櫠楂旀妸鑱查煶淇¤櫉(h脿o)鏀惧ぇ鐨勫(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)銆�3浣嶇瀛�(xu茅)瀹堕濂囧湴鐧�(f膩)鐝�(xi脿n)锛屽湪浠栧�戠櫦(f膩)鏄庣殑鍣ㄤ欢涓�氶亷鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎寰噺闆绘祦锛岀珶鐒跺彲浠ユ帶鍒跺彟涓�閮ㄥ垎娴侀亷鐨勫ぇ寰楀鐨勯浕娴�锛屽洜鑰岀敘(ch菐n)鐢熶簡鏀惧ぇ鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆傞�欏��(g猫)鍣ㄤ欢锛屽氨鏄湪绉戞妧鍙蹭笂鍏锋湁鍔冩檪(sh铆)浠ｆ剰缇╃殑鎴愭灉鈥斺�旀櫠楂旂銆傚洜瀹冩槸鍦ㄥ湥瑾曠瘈(ji茅)鍓嶅鐧�(f膩)鏄庣殑锛岃�屼笖灏�(du矛)浜哄�戞湭渚嗙殑鐢熸椿鐧�(f膩)鐢熷姝ゅ法澶х殑褰遍熆锛屾墍浠ヨ绋辩偤鈥滅嵒(xi脿n)绲︿笘鐣岀殑鍦ｈ獣绡�(ji茅)绂墿鈥濄�傞��3浣嶇瀛�(xu茅)瀹跺洜姝ゅ叡鍚屾Ξ鐛蹭簡1956骞磋璨濈埦鐗╃悊瀛�(xu茅)鐛�(ji菐ng)銆�
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宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊:
鐞嗚珫鍘熺悊
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尾1=Ic/Ib
寮忎腑锛毼�1--绋辩偤鐩存祦鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)锛�
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尾= 鈻矷c/鈻矷b
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伪 =鈻矷c/鈻矷e
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鏀惧ぇ鍘熺悊
1銆佺櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鍚戝熀鍗�(q奴)鐧�(f膩)灏勯浕瀛�
闆绘簮Ub缍�(j墨ng)閬庨浕闃籖b鍔犲湪鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)涓�锛岀櫦(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)姝ｅ亸锛岀櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鐨勫鏁�(sh霉)杓夋祦瀛�(鑷敱闆诲瓙锛変笉鏂峰湴瓒婇亷鐧�(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ熀鍗�(q奴)锛屽舰鎴愮櫦(f膩)灏勬サ闆绘祦Ie銆傚悓鏅�(sh铆)鍩哄崁(q奴)澶氭暩(sh霉)杓夋祦瀛愪篃鍚戠櫦(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｏ紝浣嗙敱浜庡鏁�(sh霉)杓夋祦瀛愭績搴﹂仩(yu菐n)浣庝簬鐧�(f膩)灏勫崁(q奴)杓夋祦瀛愭績搴�锛屽彲浠ヤ笉鑰冩叜閫欏��(g猫)闆绘祦锛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ヨ獚(r猫n)鐐虹櫦(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)涓昏鏄浕瀛愭祦銆�
2銆佸熀鍗�(q奴)涓浕瀛愮殑鎿�(ku貌)鏁ｈ垏寰�(f霉)鍚�
闆诲瓙閫�(j矛n)鍏ュ熀鍗�(q奴)鍚�锛屽厛鍦ㄩ潬杩戠櫦(f膩)灏勭祼(ji茅)鐨勯檮杩戝瘑闆�锛屾几婕稿舰鎴愰浕瀛愭績搴﹀樊锛屽湪婵冨害宸殑浣滅敤涓嬶紝淇冧娇闆诲瓙娴佸湪鍩哄崁(q奴)涓悜闆嗛浕绲�(ji茅)鎿�(ku貌)鏁�锛岃闆嗛浕绲�(ji茅)闆诲牬鎷夊叆闆嗛浕鍗�(q奴)褰㈡垚闆嗛浕妤甸浕娴両c銆備篃鏈夊緢灏忎竴閮ㄥ垎闆诲瓙锛堝洜?y脿n)姒涢秶^(q奴)寰�?銆傗敗c鍩哄崁(q奴)鐨勭┖绌村京(f霉)鍚�锛屾摯(ku貌)鏁ｇ殑闆诲瓙娴佽垏寰�(f霉)鍚堥浕瀛愭祦涔嬫瘮渚嬫焙瀹氫簡涓夋サ绠＄殑鏀惧ぇ鑳藉姏銆�
3銆侀泦闆诲崁(q奴)鏀堕泦闆诲瓙
鐢变簬闆嗛浕绲�(ji茅)澶栧姞鍙嶅悜闆诲寰堝ぇ锛岄�欏��(g猫)鍙嶅悜闆诲鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熺殑闆诲牬鍔涘皣闃绘闆嗛浕鍗�(q奴)闆诲瓙鍚戝熀鍗�(q奴)鎿�(ku貌)鏁�锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)灏囨摯(ku貌)鏁ｅ埌闆嗛浕绲�(ji茅)闄勮繎鐨勯浕瀛愭媺鍏ラ泦闆诲崁(q奴)寰炶�屽舰鎴愰泦闆绘サ涓婚浕娴両cn銆傚彟澶栭泦闆诲崁(q奴)鐨勫皯鏁�(sh霉)杓夋祦瀛愶紙绌虹┐锛変篃鏈�(hu矛)鐢�(ch菐n)鐢熸紓绉婚亱(y霉n)鍕�(d貌ng)锛屾祦鍚戝熀鍗�(q奴)褰㈡垚鍙嶅悜椋藉拰闆绘祦锛岀敤Icbo渚嗚〃绀�锛屽叾鏁�(sh霉)鍊煎緢灏忥紝浣嗗皪(du矛)婧害鍗荤暟甯告晱鎰�銆�
a.鎸夋潗璩�(zh矛)鍒�: 纭呯銆侀嵑绠�
b.鎸夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍒�: NPN 銆� PNP銆傚鍦栨墍绀�銆�
c.鎸夊姛鑳藉垎: 闁嬮棞(gu膩n)绠°�佸姛鐜囩銆侀仈(d谩)鏋楅爴绠�銆佸厜鏁忕绛�.
d. 鎸夊姛鐜囧垎锛氬皬鍔熺巼绠�銆佷腑鍔熺巼绠°�佸ぇ鍔熺巼绠�
e.鎸夊伐浣滈牷鐜囧垎锛氫綆闋荤銆侀珮闋荤銆佽秴闋荤
f.鎸夌祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)宸ヨ棟鍒嗭細鍚堥噾绠�銆佸钩闈㈢
g.鎸夊畨瑁濇柟寮�:鎻掍欢涓夋サ绠°�佽布鐗囦笁妤电
鐗瑰緛闋荤巼fT
:鐣�(d膩ng)f= fT鏅�(sh铆),涓夋サ绠″畬鍏ㄥけ鍘婚浕娴佹斁澶у姛鑳�.濡傛灉宸ヤ綔闋荤巼澶т簬fT,闆昏矾灏囦笉姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔.
fT绋变綔澧炵泭甯跺绌�锛屽嵆fT=尾fo銆傝嫢宸茬煡鐣�(d膩ng)鍓嶄笁妤电鐨勫伐浣滈牷鐜噁o浠ュ強楂橀牷闆绘祦鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)锛屼究鍙緱鍑虹壒寰侀牷鐜噁T銆傞毃钁楀伐浣滈牷鐜囩殑鍗囬珮锛屾斁澶у�嶆暩(sh霉)鏈�(hu矛)涓嬮檷锛巉T涔熷彲浠ュ畾缇╃偤尾=1鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯牷鐜囷紟
闆诲/闆绘祦
鐢ㄩ�欏��(g猫)鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍙互鎸囧畾瑭茬鐨勯浕澹撻浕娴佷娇鐢ㄨ寖鍦�.
hFE
闆绘祦鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉).
VCEO
闆嗛浕妤电櫦(f膩)灏勬サ鍙嶅悜鎿婄┛闆诲,琛ㄧず鑷ㄧ晫椋藉拰鏅�(sh铆)鐨勯＝鍜岄浕澹�.
PCM
鍏佽ū鑰楁暎鍔熺巼.
灏佽褰㈠紡
鎸囧畾瑭茬鐨勫瑙�褰㈢媭,濡傛灉鍏跺畠鍙冩暩(sh霉)閮芥纰猴紝灏佽涓嶅悓灏囧皫(d菐o)鑷寸祫浠剁劇娉曞湪闆昏矾鏉夸笂瀵�(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n).
鍒ゆ柗椤炲瀷:
鑵充綅鍒ゆ柗
涓夋サ绠＄殑鑵充綅鍒ゆ柗锛屼笁妤电鐨勮叧浣嶆湁鍏╃ó灏佽鎺掑垪褰㈠紡锛屽鍙冲湒锛�
涓夋サ绠℃槸涓�绋祼(ji茅)鍨嬮浕闃诲櫒浠讹紝瀹冪殑涓夊��(g猫)寮曡叧閮芥湁鏄庨’鐨勯浕闃绘暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)锛屾脯瑭︽檪(sh铆)锛堜互鏁�(sh霉)瀛楄惉鐢ㄨ〃鐐轰緥锛岀磪绛�+锛岄粧绛�-锛夋垜鍊戝皣娓│妾斾綅鍒囨彌鑷� 浜屾サ绠℃獢 锛堣渹槌存獢锛夋(bi膩o)蹇楃铏�(h脿o)濡傚彸鍦栵細
姝ｅ父鐨凬PN绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓夋サ绠＄殑鍩烘サ锛圔锛夊皪(du矛)闆嗛浕妤碉紙C锛�銆佺櫦(f膩)灏勬サ锛圗锛夌殑姝ｅ悜闆婚樆鏄�430惟-680惟锛堟牴鎿�(j霉)鍨嬭櫉(h脿o)鐨勪笉鍚岋紝鏀惧ぇ鍊嶆暩(sh霉)鐨勫樊鐣�锛岄�欏��(g猫)鍊兼湁鎵�涓嶅悓锛夊弽鍚戦浕闃荤劇绐ぇ锛涙甯哥殑PNP 绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勪笁妤电鐨勫熀妤碉紙B锛夊皪(du矛)闆嗛浕妤碉紙C锛�銆佺櫦(f膩)灏勬サ锛圗锛夌殑鍙嶅悜闆婚樆鏄�430惟-680惟锛屾鍚戦浕闃荤劇绐ぇ銆傞泦闆绘サC灏�(du矛)鐧�(f膩)灏勬サE鍦ㄤ笉鍔犲亸娴佺殑鎯呮硜涓�锛岄浕闃荤偤鐒＄澶�?锛涢稓O灏�(du矛)闆嗛浕妤电殑娓│闆婚樆绱勭瓑浜庡熀妤靛皪(du矛)鐧�(f膩)灏勬サ鐨勬脯瑭﹂浕闃�锛岄�氬父鎯呮硜涓�锛屽熀妤靛皪(du矛)闆嗛浕妤电殑娓│闆婚樆瑕佹瘮鍩烘サ灏�(du矛)鐧�(f膩)灏勬サ鐨勬脯瑭﹂浕闃诲皬5-100惟宸﹀彸锛堝ぇ鍔熺巼绠℃瘮杓冩槑椤級锛屽鏋滆秴鍑洪�欏��(g猫)鍊硷紝閫欏��(g猫)鍏冧欢鐨勬�ц兘宸茬稉(j墨ng)璁婂锛岃珛(q菒ng)涓嶈鍐嶄娇鐢�銆傚鏋滆浣跨敤浜庨浕璺腑鍙兘鏈�(hu矛)灏�(d菐o)鑷存暣鍊�(g猫)鎴栭儴鍒嗛浕璺殑宸ヤ綔榛�(di菐n)璁婂锛岄�欏��(g猫)鍏冧欢涔熷彲鑳戒笉涔呭氨鏈�(hu矛)鎼嶅锛屽ぇ鍔熺巼闆昏矾鍜岄珮闋婚浕璺皪(du矛)閫欑ó鍔ｈ唱(zh矛)鍏冧欢鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姣旇純鏄庨’銆�
鐩＄灏佽绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)涓嶅悓锛屼絾鑸囧悓鍙冩暩(sh霉)鐨勫叾瀹冨瀷铏�(h脿o)鐨勭瀛愬姛鑳藉拰鎬ц兘鏄竴妯ｇ殑锛屼笉鍚岀殑灏佽绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙槸鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄤ簬闆昏矾瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)涓壒瀹氱殑浣跨敤鍫村悎鐨勯渶瑕�銆�
瑕佹敞鎰忔湁浜涘粻瀹剁敓鐢�(ch菐n)涓�浜涗笉瑕�(gu墨)鑼冨厓浠�锛屼緥濡侰945姝ｅ父鐨勮叧浣嶆槸BCE锛屼絾鏈夌殑寤犲鍑虹殑姝ゅ厓浠惰叧浣嶆帓鍒楀嵒鏄疎BC锛岄�欐渻(hu矛)閫犳垚閭ｄ簺绮楀績鐨勫伐浣滀汉鍝″皣鏂板厓浠跺湪鏈娓殑鎯呮硜涓嬭鍏ラ浕璺�锛屽皫(d菐o)鑷撮浕璺笉鑳藉伐浣�锛屽毚(y谩n)閲嶆檪(sh铆)鐕掓瘈鐩搁棞(gu膩n)鑱�(li谩n)鐨勫厓鍣ㄤ欢锛屾瘮濡傞浕瑕栨(j墨)涓婄敤鐨勯枊闂�(gu膩n)闆绘簮銆�
鍦ㄦ垜鍊戝父鐢ㄧ殑钀敤琛ㄤ腑锛屾脯瑭︿笁妤电鐨勮叧浣嶆帓鍒楀湒锛�
鍏堝亣瑷�(sh猫)涓夋サ绠＄殑鏌愭サ鐐衡�滃熀妤碘��,灏囬粦琛ㄧ瓎鎺ュ湪鍋囪ō(sh猫)鍩烘サ涓�,鍐嶅皣绱呰〃绛嗕緷娆℃帴鍒板叾浣欏叐鍊�(g猫)闆绘サ涓�,鑻ュ叐娆℃脯寰楃殑闆婚樆閮藉ぇ(绱勫咕K鍒板咕鍗並),鎴栬�呴兘灏�(骞剧櫨鑷冲咕K),灏�(du矛)鎻涜〃绛嗛噸寰�(f霉)涓婅堪娓噺,鑻ユ脯寰楀叐鍊�(g猫)闃诲�肩浉鍙�(閮藉緢灏忔垨閮藉緢澶�),鍓囧彲纰哄畾鍋囪ō(sh猫)鐨勫熀妤垫槸姝ｇ⒑鐨�,鍚﹀墖鍙﹀亣瑷�(sh猫)涓�妤电偤鈥滃熀妤碘��,閲嶅京(f霉)涓婅堪娓│,浠ョ⒑瀹氬熀妤�.
鐣�(d膩ng)鍩烘サ纰哄畾鍚�,灏囬粦琛ㄧ瓎鎺ュ熀妤�,绱呰〃绛嗙瓎鎺ュ叾瀹冨叐妤佃嫢娓緱闆婚樆鍊奸兘寰堝皯,鍓囪┎涓夋サ绠＄偤PNP,鍙嶄箣鐐篘PN
鍒ゆ柗闆嗛浕妤礐鍜岀櫦(f膩)灏勬サE,浠PN鐐轰緥:
鎶婇粦琛ㄧ瓎鎺ヨ嚦鍋囪ō(sh猫)鐨勯泦闆绘サC,绱呰〃绛嗘帴鍒板亣瑷�(sh猫)鐨勭櫦(f膩)灏勬サE,骞剁敤鎵嬫崗浣廈鍜孋妤�,璁�鍑鸿〃闋墍绀篊,E闆婚樆鍊�,鐒跺悗灏囩磪,榛戣〃绛嗗弽鎺ラ噸娓�.鑻ユ闆婚樆姣旂浜屾灏�,瑾槑鍘熷亣瑷�(sh猫)鎴愮珛.
绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岄鍨�
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