銆�銆�姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鏄�鏍规��(j霉)鎵橀噷鎷嗗埄(Evangelista Torricelli,1608~1647)鐨勫��(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍘熺悊鑰屽埗鎴�锛岀敤浠ユ脯(c猫)閲忓ぇ姘ｅ�撳��(qi谩ng)鐨勫剙鍣���

銆�銆�涓�鏂囧悕绋憋細姘ｅ�撹▓(j矛)
銆�銆�鑻辨枃鍚嶇ū锛歜arometer
銆�銆�姒傛硜
銆�銆�鏍规摎(j霉)鎵橀噷鎷嗗埄锛圗vangelista Torricelli,1608锝�1647锛夌殑瀵�(sh铆)椹�(y脿n)鍘熺悊鑰屽埗鎴�锛岀敤浠ユ脯(c猫)閲忓ぇ姘ｅ�撳��(qi谩ng)鐨勫剙鍣ㄣ�傛埃澹撹▓(j矛)鐨勭ó椤炴湁姘撮妧姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鍙婄劇娑叉埃澹撹▓(j矛)銆傚叾鐢ㄩ�旀槸锛氬彲闋�(y霉)娓�(c猫)澶╂埃鐨勮畩鍖栵紝姘ｅ�撻珮鏅�(sh铆)澶╂埃鏅存湕锛涙埃澹撻檷浣庢檪(sh铆)锛屽皣鏈夐ⅷ(f膿ng)闆ㄥぉ姘ｅ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)銆傚彲娓�(c猫)楂樺害銆傛瘡鍗囬珮12绫�锛屾按閵�鏌卞嵆闄嶄綆澶х磩1姣�绫筹紝鍥犳�ゅ彲娓�(c猫)灞辩殑楂樺害鍙婇�涙��(j墨)鍦ㄧ┖涓�椋涜�屾檪(sh铆)鐨勯珮搴�銆�
銆�銆�绋�椤�
銆�銆�姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鐨勭ó椤炴湁姘撮妧姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鍙婄劇娑叉埃澹撹▓(j矛)銆�
銆�銆�鐢ㄩ��
銆�銆�鍙�闋�(y霉)娓�(c猫)澶╂埃鐨勮畩鍖�锛屾埃澹撻珮鏅�(sh铆)澶╂埃鏅存湕锛涙埃澹撻檷浣庢檪(sh铆)锛屽皣鏈夐ⅷ(f膿ng)闆ㄥぉ姘ｅ嚭鐝�(xi脿n)銆�
銆�銆�鍙�娓�(c猫)楂樺害銆傛瘡鍗囬珮12绫筹紝姘撮妧鏌卞嵆闄嶄綆澶х磩1姣�绫�锛屽洜姝ゅ彲娓�(c猫)灞辩殑楂樺害鍙婇�涙��(j墨)鍦ㄧ┖涓�椋涜�屾檪(sh铆)鐨勯珮搴�銆�

銆�銆�姘撮妧姘ｅ��
銆�銆�鍒╃敤鎵橀噷鎷嗗埄绠′締娓�(c猫)瀹氬ぇ姘ｅ�撶殑涓�绋�瑁濈��銆傜幓鐠冪�″簳閮ㄧ殑姘撮妧妲芥槸鐢ㄤ竴鍊�(g猫)鐨�鍥婃墍浠ｆ浛锛屽苟闄勬湁鍙�浠ヨ��(di脿o)婧�(zh菙n)鐨勮薄鐗欓嚌浣垮叾鎸囩ず姘撮妧闈�锛屽彨鍋氣�滅�忓环寮忔按閵�姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鈥�锛屽湪鐜荤拑绠″�栭潰鍔犱笂涓�鍊�(g猫)閲戝爆璀�(h霉)濂楋紝濂楃�′笂鍒绘湁閲忓害姘撮妧鏌遍珮搴︾殑鍒诲害灏�銆傚湪姘撮妧妲介爞涓婂彟瑁濅竴鍙�璞＄墮閲�锛岄嚌灏栨�ｅソ浣嶄簬绠″�栧埢搴﹀昂鐨勯浂榛�(di菐n)锛屽彟鐢ㄧ毊琚嬩綔鐐烘按閵�妲藉簳銆備娇鐢ㄦ檪(sh铆)锛岃紩杞�(zhu菐n)鐨�琚嬩笅鐨勮灪鏃嬶紝浣挎Ы鍏�(n猫i)姘撮妧闈㈡伆濂借窡璞＄墮閲濆皷鎺ヨЦ锛堝嵆鑸囧埢搴﹀昂鐨勯浂榛�(di菐n)鍦ㄤ竴姘村钩绶氫笂锛�锛岀劧鍚庣敱绠′笂鍒诲害灏鸿畝鍑烘按閵�鏌辩殑楂樺害銆傛�ら珮搴︾ず鏁�(sh霉)鍗崇偤鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)鐣�(d膩ng)?sh霉)鍗�楂块埉鏃辨媷绗�?銆傚彟澶栭倓鏈変笉闇�瑾�(di脿o)婧�(zh菙n)璞＄墮閲濈殑瑙�娓�(c猫)绔欑敤姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)锛屽彲娓�(c猫)浣庢埃澹撳北宀崇敤鐨勬埃澹撹▓(j矛)锛屼互鍙婂皪(du矛)鑸圭殑鎼栧嫊(d貌ng)涓嶆晱鎰熺殑鑸�娴风敤姘ｅ�撹▓(j矛)銆�
銆�銆�澶ф埃澹撳挤(qi谩ng)涓嶅悓鏀�鎸佺殑姘撮妧鏌辩殑楂樺害涓嶅悓锛屾牴鎿�(j霉)P=p(姘撮妧瀵嗗害)hg,瑷�(j矛)绠楀嚭鐨勫�撳��(qi谩ng)灏辩瓑浜庡ぇ姘ｅ�撳��(qi谩ng)锛岀暥(d膩ng)鐒堕�欏��(g猫)瑷�(j矛)绠楀埗閫犳埃澹撹▓(j矛)鏅�(sh铆)灏辩畻鍑轰締妯�(bi膩o)鍒版埃澹撹▓(j矛)涓婁簡锛岄�氶亷姘撮妧闈㈠皪(du矛)婧�(zh菙n)鐨勫埢搴�锛屽氨鍙�浠ョ煡閬撴埃澹撶殑澶у皬浜嗭��
銆�銆�鐒℃恫姘ｅ��
銆�銆�鐒℃恫姘ｅ�撹��(j矛)鏄�姘ｅ�撹▓(j矛)鐨勪竴绋�,鏈�甯歌�嬬殑鏄�閲戝爆鐩掓埃澹撹▓(j矛)銆�
銆�銆�瀹冪殑涓昏�侀儴鍒嗘槸涓�绋�娉㈢磱鐙�琛ㄩ潰鐨勭湡绌洪噾灞�鐩�銆傜偤浜嗕笉浣块噾灞�鐩掕��澶ф埃澹撴墍澹撴墎锛岀敤褰堟�ч嫾鐗囧悜澶栨媺钁楀畠銆傚ぇ姘ｅ�撳�炲姞锛岀洅钃嬪嚬閫�(j矛n)鍘讳竴浜�锛涘ぇ姘ｅ�撴笡灏�锛屽綀鎬ч嫾鐗囧氨鎶婄洅钃嬫媺璧蜂締涓�浜�銆傜洅钃嬬殑璁婂寲閫氶亷鍌冲嫊(d貌ng)姗�(j墨)妲�(g貌u)鍌崇郸鎸囬嚌锛屼娇鎸囬嚌鍋忚綁(zhu菐n)銆傚緸鎸囬嚌涓嬮潰鍒诲害鐩や笂鐨勮畝鏁�(sh霉)锛屽彲鐭ラ亾鐣�(d膩ng)鏅�(sh铆)澶ф埃澹撶殑鍊笺��
銆�銆�瀹冧娇鐢ㄦ柟渚�锛屼究浜庢敎甯讹紝浣嗘脯(c猫)閲忕祼(ji茅)鏋滀笉澶犳簴(zh菙n)纰�銆傚�傛灉鍦ㄧ劇娑叉埃澹撹��(j矛)鐨勫埢搴︾洡涓婃��(bi膩o)鐨勪笉鏄�澶ф埃澹撶殑鍊硷紝鑰屾槸楂樺害锛屼簬鏄�灏辨垚浜嗚埅绌哄強鐧诲北鐢ㄧ殑楂樺害瑷�(j矛)銆�