銆�銆�Linux绯荤当(t菕ng)鏄�氶亷(gu貌)Bootloader寮曞皫(d菐o)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鐨�銆備竴涓婇浕锛屽氨瑕佸煼(zh铆)琛孊ootloader渚�(l谩i)鍒濆鍖栫郴绲�(t菕ng)?锛熸ⅱ閰濄劅^(gu貌)绗�4绔犵殑Linux鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬫鍦栧洖椤т竴涓�銆�
銆�銆�绯荤当(t菕ng)鍔犻浕鎴栧京(f霉)浣嶅悗锛屾墍鏈塁PU閮芥渻(hu矛)寰炴煇鍊�(g猫)鍦板潃闁�(k膩i)濮嬪煼(zh铆)琛�锛岄�欐槸鐢辫檿鐞嗗櫒瑷�(sh猫)瑷�(j矛)姹哄畾鐨勩�傛瘮濡�锛孹86鐨勫京(f霉)浣嶅悜閲忓湪楂樺湴鍧�绔�锛孉RM铏曠悊鍣ㄥ湪寰�(f霉)浣嶆檪(sh铆)寰炲湴鍧�0x00000000鍙栨鎸囦护銆傚祵鍏ュ紡绯荤当(t菕ng)鐨勯枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鏉块兘瑕佹妸鏉夸笂ROM鎴朏lash鏄犲皠鍒伴�欏��(g猫)鍦板潃銆傚洜姝わ紝蹇呴爤鎶夿ootloader绋嬪簭瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍦ㄧ浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨凢lash浣嶇疆銆傜郴绲�(t菕ng)鍔犻浕鍚庯紝CPU灏囬鍏堝煼(zh铆)琛屽畠銆�
銆�銆�涓绘(j墨)鍜岀洰妯�(bi膩o)姗�(j墨)涔嬮枔涓�鑸湁涓插彛鍙互閫ｆ帴锛孊ootloader杌熶欢閫氬父鏈�(hu矛)閫氶亷(gu貌)涓插彛渚�(l谩i)杓稿叆杓稿嚭銆備緥濡傦細杓稿嚭鍑洪尟(cu貌)鎴栬�呭煼(zh铆)琛岀祼(ji茅)鏋滀俊鎭埌涓插彛绲傜锛屽緸涓插彛绲傜璁�鍙栫敤鎴舵帶鍒跺懡浠ょ瓑銆�
銆�銆�Bootloader鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬮�氬父鏄闅庢鐨�锛岄�欐ǎ鏃㈣兘鎻愪緵寰�(f霉)闆滅殑鍔熻兘锛屽張鏈夊緢濂界殑鍙Щ妞嶆��銆備緥濡傦細寰濬lash鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鐨凚ootloader澶氭暩(sh霉)鏄叐闅庢鐨勫暉鍕�(d貌ng)閬�(gu貌)绋嬨�傚緸鍚庨潰U-Boot鐨勫収(n猫i)瀹瑰彲浠ヨ┏绱�(x矛)鍒嗘瀽閫欏��(g猫)鐗规��銆�
銆�銆�澶у鏁�(sh霉)Bootloader閮藉寘鍚�2绋笉鍚岀殑鎿嶄綔妯″紡锛氭湰鍦板姞杓夋ā寮忓拰閬�(yu菐n)绋嬩笅杓夋ā寮�銆傞��2绋搷浣滄ā寮忕殑鍗�(q奴)鍒ュ儏灏�(du矛)浜庨枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)浜哄摗鎵嶆湁鎰忕京锛屼篃灏辨槸涓嶅悓鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡鐨勪娇鐢�銆傚緸鏈�绲傜敤鎴剁殑瑙掑害鐪�锛孊ootloader鐨勪綔鐢ㄥ氨鏄敤渚�(l谩i)鍔犺級鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)锛岃�屽苟涓嶅瓨鍦ㄦ墍璎傜殑鏈湴鍔犺級妯″紡鑸囬仩(yu菐n)绋嬩笅杓夋ā寮忕殑鍗�(q奴)鍒�銆�
銆�銆�鍥�?y脿n)閿給otloader鐨勪富瑕佸姛鑳芥槸寮曞皫(d菐o)鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)锛屾墍浠ユ垜鍊�?c猫)鏁�?x矛)瑷庤珫涓�涓嬪悇绋暉鍕�(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡鐨勭壒榛�(di菐n)銆�
銆�銆�1锛庣恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡
銆�銆�閫欑ó鏂瑰紡闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鏉夸笉闇�瑕侀厤缃純澶х殑瀛樺劜(ch菙)浠嬭唱(zh矛)锛岃窡鐒�(w煤)鐩�(p谩n)宸ヤ綔绔欐湁榛�(di菐n)椤炰技銆備絾鏄娇鐢ㄩ�欑ó鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡涔嬪墠锛岄渶瑕佹妸Bootloader瀹夎鍒版澘涓婄殑EPROM鎴栬�匜lash涓�銆侭ootloader閫氶亷(gu貌)浠ュお缍�(w菐ng)鎺ュ彛閬�(yu菐n)绋嬩笅杓塋inux鍏�(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忔垨鑰呮枃浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)銆傜4绔犱粙绱圭殑浜ゅ弶闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鐠�(hu谩n)澧冨氨鏄互缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡寤虹珛鐨�銆傞�欑ó鏂瑰紡灏�(du矛)浜庡祵鍏ュ紡绯荤当(t菕ng)闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)渚�(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)闈炲父閲嶈銆�
銆�銆�浣跨敤閫欑ó鏂瑰紡涔熸湁鍓嶆彁姊濅欢锛屽氨鏄洰妯�(bi膩o)鏉挎湁涓插彛銆佷互澶恫(w菐ng)鎺ュ彛鎴栬�呭叾浠栭�ｆ帴鏂瑰紡銆備覆鍙ｄ竴鑸彲浠ヤ綔鐐烘帶鍒惰嚭(t谩i)锛屽悓鏅�(sh铆)鍙互鐢ㄤ締(l谩i)涓嬭級鍏�(n猫i)鏍稿奖鍍忓拰RAMDISK鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)銆備覆鍙ｉ�氫俊鍌宠几閫熺巼閬�(gu貌)浣庯紝涓嶉仼鍚堢敤渚�(l谩i)鎺涙帴NFS鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傛墍浠ヤ互澶恫(w菐ng)鎺ュ彛鎴愮偤閫氱敤鐨勪簰閫ｈō(sh猫)鍌�锛屼竴鑸殑闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鏉块兘鍙互閰嶇疆10M浠ュお缍�(w菐ng)鎺ュ彛銆�
銆�銆�灏�(du矛)浜嶱DA绛夋墜鎸佽ō(sh猫)鍌欎締(l谩i)瑾�(shu艒)锛屼互澶恫(w菐ng)鐨凴J-45鎺ュ彛椤緱澶т簡浜�锛岃�孶SB鎺ュ彛锛岀壒鍒ユ槸USB鐨勮糠浣犳帴鍙�锛屽昂瀵搁潪甯稿皬銆傚皪(du矛)浜庨枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鐨勫祵鍏ュ紡绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽彲浠ユ妸USB鎺ュ彛铏涙摤鎴愪互澶恫(w菐ng)鎺ュ彛渚�(l谩i)閫氳▕銆傞�欑ó鏂瑰紡鍦ㄩ枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)涓绘(j墨)鍜岄枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鏉垮叐绔兘闇�瑕侀﹨(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)绋嬪簭銆�
銆�銆�鍙﹀锛岄倓瑕佸湪鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鍣ㄤ笂閰嶇疆鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鐩搁棞(gu膩n)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鏈嶅嫏(w霉)銆侭ootloader涓嬭級鏂囦欢涓�鑸兘浣跨敤TFTP缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍗�(xi茅)璀�锛岄倓鍙互閫氶亷(gu貌)DHCP鐨勬柟寮忓嫊(d貌ng)鎱�(t脿i)閰嶇疆IP鍦板潃銆�
銆�銆�DHCP/BOOTP鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐐築ootloader鍒嗛厤IP鍦板潃锛岄厤缃恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛岀劧鍚庢墠鑳藉鏀寔缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍌宠几鍔熻兘銆傚鏋淏ootloader鍙互鐩存帴瑷�(sh猫)缃恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍙冩暩(sh霉)锛屽氨鍙互涓嶄娇鐢―HCP銆�
銆�銆�TFTP鏈嶅嫏(w霉)鐐築ootloader瀹㈡埗绔彁渚涙枃浠朵笅杓夊姛鑳斤紝鎶婂収(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忓拰鍏朵粬鏂囦欢鏀惧湪/tftpboot鐩寗涓�銆傞�欐ǎBootloader鍙互閫氶亷(gu貌)绨�(ji菐n)鍠殑TFTP鍗�(xi茅)璀伴仩(yu菐n)绋嬩笅杓夊収(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忓埌鍏�(n猫i)瀛�銆傚鍦�1鎵�绀恒��
銆�銆�鍦�1 缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)绀烘剰鍦�
銆�銆�澶ч儴鍒嗗紩灏�(d菐o)绋嬪簭閮借兘澶犳敮鎸佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡銆備緥濡傦細BIOS鐨凱XE锛圥reboot Execution Environment锛夊姛鑳藉氨鏄恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡锛沀-Boot涔熸敮鎸佺恫(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鍔熻兘銆�
銆�銆�2锛庣鐩�(p谩n)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡
銆�銆�鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨凩inux绯荤当(t菕ng)閬�(y霉n)琛屽湪鑷�(t谩i)寮忔(j墨)鎴栬�呮湇鍕�(w霉)鍣ㄤ笂锛岄�欎簺瑷�(j矛)绠楁(j墨)涓�鑸兘浣跨敤BIOS寮曞皫(d菐o)锛屽苟涓斾娇鐢ㄧ鐩�(p谩n)浣滅偤瀛樺劜(ch菙)浠嬭唱(zh矛)銆傚鏋滈��(j矛n)鍏IOS瑷�(sh猫)缃彍鍠�锛屽彲浠ユ帰娓�(c猫)铏曠悊鍣�銆佸収(n猫i)瀛�銆佺‖鐩�(p谩n)绛夎ō(sh猫)鍌�锛屽彲浠ヨō(sh猫)缃瓸IOS寰炶粺鐩�(p谩n)銆佸厜鐩�(p谩n)鎴栬�呮煇濉婄‖鐩�(p谩n)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)銆備篃灏辨槸瑾�(shu艒)锛孊IOS骞朵笉鐩存帴寮曞皫(d菐o)鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傞偅涔堝湪纭洡(p谩n)鐨勪富寮曞皫(d菐o)鍗�(q奴)锛岄倓闇�瑕佷竴鍊�(g猫)Bootloader銆傞�欏��(g猫)Bootloader鍙互寰炵鐩�(p谩n)鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)涓妸鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)寮曞皫(d菐o)璧蜂締(l谩i)銆�
銆�銆�Linux鍌崇当(t菕ng)涓婃槸閫氶亷(gu貌)LILO锛圠Inux LOader锛夊紩灏�(d菐o)鐨勶紝鍚庝締(l谩i)鍙堝嚭鐝�(xi脿n)浜咷NU鐨勮粺浠禛RUB锛圙Rand Unified Bootloader锛�銆傞��2绋瓸ootloader寤ｆ硾鎳�(y墨ng)鐢ㄥ湪X86鐨凩inux绯荤当(t菕ng)涓�銆備綘鐨勯枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)涓绘(j墨)鍙兘灏变娇鐢ㄤ簡鍏朵腑涓�绋紝鐔熸倝瀹冨�戞湁鍔╀簬閰嶇疆澶氱ó绯荤当(t菕ng)寮曞皫(d菐o)鍔熻兘銆�
銆�銆�LILO杌熶欢宸ョ▼鏄敱Werner Almesberger鍓�(chu脿ng)寤�锛屽皥闁�(m茅n)鐐哄紩灏�(d菐o)Linux闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鐨勩�傜従(xi脿n)鍦↙ILO鐨勭董璀�(h霉)鑰呮槸John Coffman锛岀増鏈笅杓夌珯榛�(di菐n)锛�<https://lilo.go.dyndns.org/>銆侺ILO鏈夎┏绱�(x矛)鐨勬枃妾�锛屼緥濡侺ILO濂椾欢涓檮甯朵娇鐢ㄦ墜鍐�(c猫)鍜屽弮鑰冩墜鍐�(c猫)銆傛澶�锛岄倓鍙互鍦↙DP鐨勨�淟ILO mini-HOWTO鈥濅腑鎵惧埌LILO鐨勪娇鐢ㄦ寚鍗�銆�
銆�銆�GRUB鏄疓NU瑷�(j矛)鍔冪殑涓昏bootloader銆侴RUB鏈�鍒濇槸鐢盓rich Boleyn鐐篏NU Mach鎿嶄綔绯荤当(t菕ng)鎾板(xi臎)鐨勫紩灏�(d菐o)绋嬪簭銆傚悗渚�(l谩i)鏈塆ordon Matzigkeit鍜孫kuji Yoshinori鎺ユ浛Erich鐨勫伐浣�锛岀辜绾�(x霉)缍(h霉)鍜岄枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)GRUB銆侴RUB鐨勭恫(w菐ng)绔檋ttps://www.gnu.org/software/grub/涓婃湁灏�(du矛)濂椾欢浣跨敤鐨勮(shu艒)鏄庢枃浠�锛屽彨浣溿�奊RUB manual銆�銆侴RUB鑳藉浣跨敤TFTP鍜孊OOTP鎴栬�匘HCP閫氶亷(gu貌)缍�(w菐ng)绲�(lu貌)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)锛岄�欑ó鍔熻兘灏�(du矛)浜庣郴绲�(t菕ng)闁�(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)閬�(gu貌)绋嬪緢鏈夌敤銆�
銆�銆�闄や簡鍌崇当(t菕ng)鐨凩inux绯荤当(t菕ng)涓婄殑寮曞皫(d菐o)绋嬪簭浠ュ锛岄倓鏈夊叾浠栦竴浜涘紩灏�(d菐o)绋嬪簭锛屼篃鍙互鏀寔纾佺洡(p谩n)寮曞皫(d菐o)鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)銆備緥濡傦細LoadLin鍙互寰濪OS涓嬪暉鍕�(d貌ng)Linux锛涢倓鏈塕OLO銆丩inuxBIOS锛孶-Boot涔熸敮鎸侀�欑ó鍔熻兘銆�
銆�銆�3锛嶧lash鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)鏂瑰紡
銆�銆�澶у鏁�(sh霉)宓屽叆寮忕郴绲�(t菕ng)涓婇兘浣跨敤Flash瀛樺劜(ch菙)浠嬭唱(zh矛)銆侳lash鏈夊緢澶氶鍨�锛屽寘鎷琋OR Flash銆丯AND Flash鍜屽叾浠栧崐灏�(d菐o)楂旂洡(p谩n)銆傚叾涓�锛孨OR Flash锛堜篃灏辨槸绶氭�lash锛変娇鐢ㄦ渶鐐烘櫘閬�銆�
銆�銆�NOR Flash鍙互鏀寔闅ㄦ(j墨)瑷晱(w猫n)锛屾墍浠ヤ唬纰兼槸鍙互鐩存帴鍦‵lash涓婂煼(zh铆)琛岀殑銆侭ootloader涓�鑸槸瀛樺劜(ch菙)鍦‵lash鑺墖涓婄殑銆傚彟澶�锛孡inux鍏�(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忓拰RAMDISK涔熷彲浠ュ瓨鍎�(ch菙)鍦‵lash涓�銆傞�氬父闇�瑕佹妸Flash鍒嗗崁(q奴)浣跨敤锛屾瘡鍊�(g猫)鍗�(q奴)鐨勫ぇ灏忔噳(y墨ng)瑭叉槸Flash鎿﹂櫎濉婂ぇ灏忕殑鏁存暩(sh霉)鍊�銆傚湒2鏄疊ootloader鍜屽収(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忎互鍙婃枃浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鐨勫垎鍗�(q奴)琛�銆�
銆�銆�鍦�2 Flash瀛樺劜(ch菙)绀烘剰鍦�
銆�銆�Bootloader涓�鑸斁鍦‵lash鐨勫簳绔垨鑰呴爞绔�锛岄�欒鏍规摎(j霉)铏曠悊鍣ㄧ殑寰�(f霉)浣嶅悜閲忚ō(sh猫)缃�銆傝浣緽ootloader鐨勫叆鍙ｄ綅浜庤檿鐞嗗櫒涓婇浕鍩�(zh铆)琛屾鎸囦护鐨勪綅缃�銆�
銆�銆�鎺ヤ笅渚�(l谩i)鍒嗛厤鍙冩暩(sh霉)鍗�(q奴)锛岄�欓噷鍙互浣滅偤Bootloader鐨勫弮鏁�(sh霉)淇濆瓨鍗�(q奴)鍩�銆�
銆�銆�鍐嶄笅渚�(l谩i)鍏�(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忓崁(q奴)銆侭ootloader寮曞皫(d菐o)Linux鍏�(n猫i)鏍�锛屽氨鏄寰為�欏��(g猫)鍦版柟鎶婂収(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忚В澹撳埌RAM涓幓锛岀劧鍚庤烦杞�(zhu菐n)鍒板収(n猫i)鏍告槧鍍忓叆鍙ｅ煼(zh铆)琛�銆�
銆�銆�鐒跺悗鏄枃浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)鍗�(q奴)銆傚鏋滀娇鐢≧amdisk鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽墖闇�瑕丅ootloader鎶婂畠瑙ｅ鍒癛AM涓�銆傚鏋滀娇鐢↗FFS2鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)锛屽皣鐩存帴鎺涙帴鐐烘牴鏂囦欢绯荤当(t菕ng)銆傞�欏叐绋枃浠剁郴绲�(t菕ng)灏囧湪绗�12绔犺┏绱�(x矛)璎涜В銆�
銆�銆�閭勫彲浠ュ垎鍑轰竴浜涙暩(sh霉)鎿�(j霉)鍗�(q奴)锛岄�欒鏍规摎(j霉)瀵�(sh铆)闅涢渶瑕佸拰Flash澶у皬渚�(l谩i)鑰冩叜浜�銆�
銆�銆�閫欎簺鍒嗗崁(q奴)鏄枊(k膩i)鐧�(f膩)鑰呭畾缇╃殑锛孊ootloader涓�鑸洿鎺ヨ畝瀵�(xi臎)灏�(du矛)鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勫亸绉诲湴鍧�銆傚埌浜哃inux鍏�(n猫i)鏍哥┖闁�锛屽彲浠ラ厤缃垚MTD瑷�(sh猫)鍌欎締(l谩i)瑷晱(w猫n)Flash鍒嗗崁(q奴)銆備絾鏄�锛屾湁鐨凚ootloader涔熸敮鎸佸垎鍗�(q奴)鐨勫姛鑳�锛屼緥濡傦細Redboot鍙互鍓�(chu脿ng)寤篎lash鍒嗗崁(q奴)琛�锛屽苟涓斿収(n猫i)鏍窶TD椹�(q奴)鍕�(d貌ng)鍙互瑙ｆ瀽鍑簉edboot鐨勫垎鍗�(q奴)琛�銆�
銆�銆�闄や簡NOR Flash锛岄倓鏈塏AND Flash銆丆ompact Flash銆丏iskOnChip绛夈�傞�欎簺Flash鍏锋湁鑺墖鍍�(ji脿)鏍间綆锛屽瓨鍎�(ch菙)瀹归噺澶х殑鐗归粸(di菐n)銆備絾鏄�欎簺鑺墖涓�鑸�氶亷(gu貌)灏堢敤鎺у埗鍣ㄧ殑I/O鏂瑰紡渚�(l谩i)瑷晱(w猫n)锛屼笉鑳介毃姗�(j墨)瑷晱(w猫n)锛屽洜姝ゅ紩灏�(d菐o)鏂瑰紡璺烴OR Flash涔熶笉鍚�銆傚湪閫欎簺鑺墖涓�锛岄渶瑕侀厤缃皥鐢ㄧ殑寮曞皫(d菐o)绋嬪簭銆傞�氬父锛岄�欑ó寮曞皫(d菐o)绋嬪簭璧峰鐨勪竴娈典唬纰煎氨鎶婃暣鍊�(g猫)寮曞皫(d菐o)绋嬪簭寰�(f霉)鍒跺埌RAM涓亱(y霉n)琛�锛屽緸鑰屽(sh铆)鐝�(xi脿n)鑷垑鍟熷嫊(d貌ng)锛岄�欒窡寰炵鐩�(p谩n)涓婂暉鍕�(d貌ng)鏈変簺鐩镐技.
